Did
the NT church believe what the Roman Catholic church teaches on the Eucharist?
No,
and note that language must be precise here for not even Catholicism
teaches that the elements of bread and wine turn into the manifestly
literal incarnated physical body and blood of Christ as it was
present on the cross, even though Catholics claim to take “eat:
this is my body, which is broken for you” (1 Corinthians 11:24)
plainly literal.
The RCC (and basically EOs) profess,
that
at the moment of the Consecration which is when the priest says,
"This is my body," "This is the cup of my blood"
the bread and wine are changed into the body and blood of Jesus
Christ who is then really present as God and as Man sacrificing
himself for us on the altar as he sacrificed himself on the cross
(The Mass Explained - Catholic Education Resource Center)
At
“consecration of the bread and wine there takes place a change of
the whole substance of the bread into the substance of the body of
Christ our Lord and of the whole substance of the wine into the
substance of his blood,” thus becoming the “true Body of Christ
and his true Blood,” (CCC 1376; 1381) having been “substantially
changed into the true and proper and lifegiving flesh and blood of
Jesus Christ our Lord,” being corporeally present whole and entire
in His physical "reality.” (Mysterium Fidei, Encyclical of
Pope Paul VI, 1965)
Notice
the words “present” and “reality/real,” for unlike how Christ
was manifestly present and real in His incarnation described in
Scripture, and which manifest physicality is emphasized ( 1 John 1:1;
cf. 1 John 5:8) in contrast to a Christ whose appearance did not
correspond to what He was as regards incarnation (as within really
Docetism and or Gnosticism), in Catholicism the Eucharistic Christ is
not what He appears, feels, tastes and would scientifically test to
be, for what He appears to be is mere bread and wine. But which
itself does not exist, being replace by Christ, until this
non-existent bread and wine begins to manifest decay, and then He no
longer exist/is present under that appearance either.
The
presence of Christ's true body and blood in this sacrament cannot be
detected by sense, nor understanding, but by faith alone..."
(Summa Theologica; Summa Theologica - Christian Classics Ethereal
Library)
"If
you took the consecrated host to a laboratory it would be chemically
shown to be bread, not human flesh." (Dwight Longenecker,
"Explaining Transubstantiation")
"Christ's
presence in the Eucharist challenges human understanding, logic, and
ultimately reason. His presence cannot be known by the senses, but
only through faith." (Norms for the Distribution and Reception
of Holy Communion under Both Kinds in the Dioceses of the United
States of America)
"the
Most Holy Eucharist not only looks like something it isn’t (that
is, bread and wine), but also tastes, smells, feels, and in all ways
appears to be what it isn’t." (The Holy Eucharist BY Bernard
Mulcahy, O.P., p. 22)
"the
substance of the bread cannot remain after the consecration: "
(Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologiæ Article 2) "On the altar are
the body and blood of Christ; the bread and wine no longer exist but
have been totally changed into the body and blood of the Saviour... - https://www.ewtn.com/library/Doc
"The
Eucharistic presence of Christ begins at the moment of the
consecration and endures as long as the Eucharistic species subsist;"
(CCC 1377) "...that is, until the Eucharist is digested,
physically destroyed, or decays by some natural process." ibid,
Mulcahy, p. 32)
In
contrast, the only Christ of Scripture has a manifestly physical
body, even after being glorified:
“That
which was from the beginning, which we have heard, which we have seen
with our eyes, which we have looked upon, and our hands have handled,
of the Word of life:” 1 John 1:1; cf. 1 John 5:8)
“This
is he that came by water and blood, even Jesus Christ; not by water
only, but by water and blood. And it is the Spirit that beareth
witness, because the Spirit is truth.” (1 John 5:6)
“Why
are ye troubled? and why do thoughts arise in your hearts? Behold my
hands and my feet, that it is I myself: handle me, and see; for a
spirit hath not flesh and bones, as ye see me have.” (Luke
24:38-39)
A
purely literal reading of the “this is my body/blood” that is
broken/shed for us said at the last supper would mean that the
apostles were consuming the same literally manifest human flesh and
blood of Christ which attested to His incarnation, in contrast to a
Docetist-type Christ, whose appearance did not correspond to what He
physically was, meaning a metaphysical meaning.
Note
that support for the Catholic miscontruance of the Lord’s supper
largely relies upon reading the gospels in isolation from the rest of
the NT, as well as so-called “church Fathers.” However, the
uninspired (versus wholly God-inspired Scripture) words of men whose
teaching came after the apostles had died, and which to varying
degrees testifies to a progressive accretion of traditions
not seen in the only inspired record of what the NT church believed,
cannot be determinitive of what that NT church believed.
As
pertains to the Lord’s supper, in Catholicism it is presented as
"the heart and summit of the Christian life” (CCC 1407) “a
kind of consummation of the spiritual life, and in a sense the goal
of all the sacraments," (Mysterium Fidei, Encyclical of Pope
Paul VI, 1965) through which “the work of our redemption is carried
out,” (CCC 1364) providing “the medicine of immortality, the
antidote for death, and the food that makes us live for ever in Jesus
Christ” (CCC #1405) and only conducted by Catholics priests who
offer it “in reparation for the sins of the living and the dead,”
(CCC 1414) “cleansing us from past sins and preserving us from
future sins.” (CCC 1393) ;
But
rather than the NT church understanding the Lord’s supper as being
the life-giving central hub and focus of the Christian life, what we
see in the the only inspired and substantive record of how the NT
church understood it is that it only being actually only taught in
one epistle (aside from the mere mention of breaking of bread in Acts
and the “fest of charity” in Jude 1:12, which is in 1
Corinthians. In which the Lord’s supper is that of remembering His
death by sharing a meal with others who were bought by His sinless
shed blood, thus showing union with Christ and each other as being
"one bread," analogous to how pagans have fellowship in
their dedicatory feasts, (metaphorical
or metaphysical? 1Cor. 10)
Therefore
in the next chapter the Corinthians are rebuked as not actually
coming together to eat the Lord’s supper, for while they did come
together for that purpose, yet they were not actually having the
Lord’s supper due to how they treated the body of Christ, the
church.
When
ye come together therefore into one place, this is not to eat
the Lord’s supper. For in eating every one taketh before other
his own supper: and one is hungry, and another is drunken. What? have
ye not houses to eat and to drink in? or despise ye the church of
God, and shame them that have not? What shall I say to you? shall I
praise you in this? I praise you not. (1 Corinthians 11:20-22)
The
apostle Paul thus reiterates what the Lord said at the institution of
the Lord’s supper, an adding the interpretive conclusion, “For as
often as ye eat this bread, and drink this cup, ye do shew the Lord’s
death till he come. Wherefore whosoever shall eat this bread, and
drink this cup of the Lord, unworthily, shall be guilty of the
body and blood of the Lord.” (1 Corinthians 11:26-27)
Catholics
actually invoke this section in support of the Catholic
interpretation, but the nature of the elements is not the contextual
focus, though in v. 26 the bread is still called bread and the cup
represents its content, while the purpose of the Lord’s supper is
stated, and with the focus continuing to be that of the corporate
body of the church (and which focus continues into the next chapter)
.
Which
is to do “show the Lord’s death till He comes,” which was by
sharing a meal with others who were bought by His sinless shed blood,
thus showing affirmation of them and themselves in union with Christ,
with the church being as "one bread."
Therefore,
by selfishly eating independent of other blood-bought faithful
believers, ignoring and shaming them, then then they were not
actually having
the Lord’s supper, but were acting contrary to the very act that
they were supposed to be remembering and showing. And thus in essence they were guilty of being contrary to the atoning blood of Christ, by
which He purchased the church, (Acts 20:28) and were being chastened
for it, some even unto death. For as Paul was very conscious of, to
mistreat the church was to mistreat Christ Himself. (Acts 9:4)
This
being the offense, not effectually considering/recognizing/discerning
the body of Christ by mistreating its members by selfishly eating
independent of other blood-bought faithful believers, ignoring and
shaming them, then the solution is not some defining of the nature of
the bread and wine, but even contrary to requiring fasting before the
Lord’s supper, the apostle enjoins:
Wherefore,
my brethren, when ye come together to eat, tarry one for another. And
if any man hunger, let him eat at home; that ye come not together
unto condemnation. And the rest will I set in order when I come. (1
Corinthians 11:33-34)
In
addition, no where is the Lord’s supper presented as a sacrifice
for sins and a means of obtaining spiritual life, nor is the
conducting of it a uniquely pastoral function, or their primary
unique function, much less that of pseudo RC
priests.
A
more extensive examination of the Catholic verses Scripture
understanding of the nature of the elements consumed is here,
by the grace of God.
Now
what we (and I) a believers need to do is better act in accordance
with effectually remembering and thus showing the Lord’s death and
resurrection till He comes.
Supplementary:
| Actual Bible teaching: | Proposals: | Possible Catholic version: |
1 | Salute one another with an holy kiss. The churches of Christ salute you. (Romans 16:16) | If
Catholics (especially Roman) wrote or altered the Bible, then rather
than holy Peter being the street-level leader among brethren, and its
initial evangelists, and serving a general pastoral role, but who never
taught or presumed perpetual infallibility of office or had apostolic
successors; then
in order to support the Roman Catholic premise that he was the first of
a line of conditionally infallible popes reigning from Rome, then it
would not have been hard to insert at least, on command, exhortation or
example teaching: One command in a church epistle to submit to Peter in Rome as the supreme head of the churches. Peter confirmed as being the rock upon which the church was built. Having
Peter calling a ecumenical council in Rome and replacing James with
Peter in providing the conclusive judgment on what the churches should
do. A successor being named or intimated for the martyred James. | Salute one another with an holy kiss. The Catholic churches of Christ salute the church of Rome, along with Peter, our apostolic head. (Romans 16:16) |
2 | Obey them that have the rule over you, and submit yourselves: for they watch for your souls... (Hebrews 13:17a) | Obey them that have the rule over you, chiefly Peter, and submit yourselves: for they watch for your souls... |
3 | Now
therefore ye are no more strangers and foreigners, but fellowcitizens
with the saints, and of the household of God; And are built upon the
foundation of the apostles and prophets, Jesus Christ himself being the
chief corner stone; (Ephesians 2:19-20) | Now
therefore ye are no more strangers and foreigners, but fellowcitizens
with the saints, and of the household of God; And are built upon the
foundation of the prophets and apostles, upon Peter the Rock, Jesus Christ himself being the chief corner stone; (Ephesians 2:19-20) |
4 | And certain men which came down from Judæa taught the brethren, and said,
Except ye be circumcised after the manner of Moses, ye cannot be saved.
When therefore Paul and Barnabas had no small dissension and
disputation with them, they determined that Paul and Barnabas, and
certain other of them, should go up to Jerusalem unto the apostles and
elders about this question. (Acts 15:1-2) | And certain men which came down from Judæa taught the brethren, and said,
Except ye be circumcised after the manner of Moses, ye cannot be saved.
When therefore Paul and Barnabas had no small dissension and
disputation with them, they determined that Paul and Barnabas, and
certain other of them, should go to Rome unto Peter and the other apostles and elders about this question. (Acts 15:1-2) |
5 | And after they had held their peace, James answered, saying, Men and
brethren, hearken unto me: Simeon hath declared how God at the first
did visit the Gentiles, to take out of them a people for his name. (Acts 15:13-14) Wherefore my sentence is, that we trouble not them, which from among the Gentiles are turned to God: (Acts 15:19)
Then pleased it the apostles and elders, with the whole church, to send
chosen men of their own company to Antioch with Paul and Barnabas; namely, Judas surnamed Barsabas, and Silas, chief men among the brethren: (Acts 15:22) | And after they had held their peace, Peter
answered, saying, Men, brethren, hearken unto me: I declared how God at
the first did visit the Gentiles, to take out of them a people for his
name. (Acts 15:13-14) Wherefore my decree is, that we trouble not them, which from among the Gentiles are turned to God: (Acts 15:19) Then pleased it Peter and the other apostles and elders, with the whole church under Peter, to send chosen men of their own company to Antioch with Paul and Barnabas; namely, Judas surnamed Barsabas, and Silas, chief men among the brethren: (Acts 15:22) |
6 | Now about that time Herod the king stretched forth his hands to vex certain of the church. And he killed James the brother of John with the sword. (Acts 12:1-2) | Now
about that time Herod the king stretched forth hands to vex certain of
the church. And he killed James the brother of John with the sword (to be succeed by Linus). (Acts 12:1-2) |
7 | Let us therefore come boldly unto the throne of grace, that we may obtain mercy, and find grace to help in time of need. (Hebrews 4:16) Pray for us: for we trust we have a good conscience, in all things willing to live honestly. (Hebrews 13:18) | And as regards other distinction Catholic teachings, include: At least one prayer in the NT of believers praying to created beings in Heaven, esp since there are over 200 prayers in the Bible but none to created beings in Heaven. | Let us therefore come boldly unto the throne of grace, that we may obtain mercy, and find grace to help in time of need, with prayer to Mary and saints in glory also being made . (Hebrews 4:16) Pray for us to God and to angels and saints in glory, for we trust we have a good conscience, in all things willing to live honestly. (Hebrews 13:18) |
| I exhort therefore, that, first of all, supplications, prayers, intercessions, and giving of thanks, be made for all men; (1 Timothy 2:1) | Prayers and offerings for the relief of those in RC purgatory. | I exhort therefore, that, first of all, supplications, prayers, intercessions, and giving of thanks, be made for all men, especially those in Purgatory. (1 Timothy 2:1) |
| I commend unto you Phebe our sister, which is a servant of the church which is at Cenchrea:. (Romans 16:1) | Include Mary being at least named after Acts chapter 1, and as being a recourse for intercession — even a chief one. | I commend unto you Mary our Mother, and to Phebe our sister, which is a servant of the church which is at Cenchrea: (Romans 16:1) |
| And
there appeared a great wonder in heaven; a woman clothed with the sun,
and the moon under her feet, and upon her head a crown of twelve stars:[images taken from Gn 37:9–10] And she being with child cried, travailing in birth, and pained to be delivered. (Revelation 12:1-2) | And there appeared a great wonder in heaven; Mary clothed with the sun, and the moon under her feet, and upon her head a crown of twelve stars: And Mary being with child cried, travailing in birth, and pained to be delivered. (Revelation 12:1-2) |
| And
to the woman were given two wings of a great eagle, that she might fly
into the wilderness, into her place, where she is nourished for a time,
and times, and half a time, from the face of the serpent. | Include a prophecy of Mary being bodily taken to Heaven and enthroned, and nourishing the church. See here. | And to the woman were given two wings of a great eagle, that she might fly unto Heaven, into her throne, whereby she nourished the church on earth for a time, and times, and half a time, from the face of the serpent. |
| This is
a true saying, If a man desire the office of a bishop, he desireth a
good work. A bishop then must be blameless, the husband of one wife,
vigilant, sober, of good behaviour, given to hospitality, apt to teach; (1 Timothy 3:1-2) | Somewhere
between Acts thru Revelation (which are interpretive of the gospels),
describe conducting the Lord’s supper as being the primary unique
function of (normatively celibate) pastors. And
as providing spiritual life, and offering it as a sacrifice for sins,
versus showing remembrance of the Lord’s death by demonstrating the
union with the Lord and each other who were bought with His sinless shed
blood, by taking part in a communal meal which commemorates that; like
as pagan idolaters have fellowship with devils in their commemorative
feasts. Thus
to treat faithful members of that body as if they were otherwise is to
fail to recognize that body, and thus not effectually remembering the
Lord’s death, by which believers have union with Christ, being bought
with His sinless shed blood, to the glory of God. By the grace of God, read and study The Lord's Supper: metaphorical commemoration or the consumption of the metaphysical "real" body and blood of the Lord Jesus? | This is
a true saying, If a man desire the office of a bishop, he desireth a
good work. A bishop then must be blameless, the husband of one wife,
vigilant, sober, of good behaviour, given to hospitality, apt to teach; (1 Timothy 3:1-2) |
8 | The
cup of blessing which we bless, is it not the communion of the blood of
Christ? The bread which we break, is it not the communion of the body
of Christ? For we being many are one bread, and one body: for we are all partakers of that one bread. (1 Corinthians 10:16-17) But I say,
that the things which the Gentiles sacrifice, they sacrifice to devils,
and not to God: and I would not that ye should have fellowship with
devils. (1 Corinthians 10:20) | The
cup of blessing which we bless, is it not the communion of the blood of
Christ? The bread which we break, is it not the communion of the body
of Christ? For we being many are one bread, and one body: for we are all consuming the one body of Christ. (1 Corinthians 10:16-17) But I say,
that the things which the Gentiles sacrifice, they sacrifice to devils,
and not to God: and I would not that ye should have fellowship with
devils by eating their flesh. (1 Corinthians 10:20) |
When ye come together therefore into one place, this is not to eat the Lord’s supper. For in eating every one taketh before other
his own supper: and one is hungry, and another is drunken. What? have
ye not houses to eat and to drink in? or despise ye the church of God,
and shame them that have not? What shall I say to you? shall I praise
you in this? I praise you not. (1 Corinthians 11:20-22) For he that eateth and drinketh unworthily, eateth and drinketh damnation to himself, not discerning the Lord’s body. (1 Corinthians 11:29) | When ye come together therefore into one place, this is not to eat the Lord’s supper. For in eating every one taketh before other
his own supper: and one is hungry, and another is drunken. What? have
ye not houses to eat and to drink in? or despise ye the church of God,
and shame them that have not? What shall I say to you? shall I praise
you in this? I praise you not. (1 Corinthians 11:20-22) For he that eateth and drinketh unworthily, eateth and drinketh damnation to himself, not discerning the Lord’s body. (1 Corinthians 11:29) |
Take
heed therefore unto yourselves, and to all the flock, over the which
the Holy Ghost hath made you overseers, to feed the church of God, which
he hath purchased with his own blood. (Acts 20:28) | Take
heed therefore unto yourselves, and to all the flock, over the which
the Holy Ghost hath made you overseers, to feed the church of God with the Eucharist, which he hath provided, even his own body and blood. (Acts 20:28) |
If
thou put the brethren in remembrance of these things, thou shalt be a
good minister of Jesus Christ, nourished up in the words of faith and of
good doctrine, whereunto thou hast attained. (1 Timothy 4:6) | If thou put the brethren in remembrance of these things, thou shalt be a good minister of Jesus Christ, nourished up by the Eucharist according to the d |